DULONG PETITS LAW

• There are three main types of matter: solid, liquid, and gaseous. You can change their physiological conditions by giving them the right temperature and pressure. That's also how you can change their balance points.
• Anything that wants to raise or lower its warmth needs energy from somewhere else.
• The temperature of gases doesn't change much when they are heated, but other things do change significantly. These things are volume and pressure.
• A substance's specific heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to raise its temperature by one degree Celsius per unit mass.

Specific heat capacity of solids

• As matter types, solids have strong intermolecular forces, are hard, have the right shape and structure, and so on.
• You can heat things, which means you can find out how much specific heat they can hold. Certain heat capacities are measured in SI units, which are J/kg/K.
• A solid's specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise its temperature by 1°C for every unit mass of that solid.
• We will have to use the law of equal distribution of energy to find the specific heat capacity.
• According to this rule, there will be a certain amount of average energy for each degree of freedom a molecule has in a system that is thermally balanced.
• A gas atom moving in three-dimensional space, for instance, has three dimensions, so its degree of freedom would be 3.
• Take a look at any object that has N atoms. Every atom can move around easily, but only along one path or in one-dimensional space.

• The expression for the total energy U is given as: U = 3kbTNA = 3RT.
• For the first law of thermodynamics, we will use the following equation:
• ΔQ = ΔU+P ΔV
• There is only one way to change energy from one form to another, according to the first rule.
• This time, PV doesn't need to be used because the volume change for solids is so small.
• So, the formula for molar specific heat capacity (the amount of heat that can be stored in one mole of solid) is

      As a general rule, C= Q/T= U/T.

      C = 3R = 24.94 J/K-1 mol -1 C.

       Here is the molar-specific heat capacity.

• T displays the change in temperature.
• Heat potential is pretty much a trait that is there by itself. This means it is a property of a certain material.
• Calorimeters are used to figure out the heat capacity. The volume readings on the bomb calorimeter are always the same.
• Coffee cup calorimeters are a different kind of calorimeter that can be used to find heat capacity at constant pressure.

IMAGE SOURCE (THUMBNAIL)